Ο James Buchanan (James Buchanan, 1791-1868) was the 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He was born on April 23, 1791 in Pennsylvania and was one of the most experienced politicians of his time. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1812 and soon took an active political role.

He began his political career in the House of Representatives (1821-1831) and later served as Ambassador to Russia, Senator and Secretary of State under President James Polk. In 1856 he was elected President as a candidate of the Democratic Party. However, his presidency was marked by divisions as he failed to prevent the escalation of tensions that led to the American Civil War.

Despite his political experience, he has been criticised for inaction and crisis management, particularly in relation to maintaining the cohesion of the Union. He retired from politics after the end of his term of office.

As for his affiliation with Freemasonry, Buchanan was indeed a member of the Brotherhood and belonged to Lancaster Lodge No. 43 in Pennsylvania. He was initiated on December 11, 1816, and was elevated to the highest office of Master Mason in the same lodge. Although there is no evidence that he attained higher ranks or positions beyond Master Mason, his involvement in Freemasonry is well documented. Buchanan remained a member of the Brotherhood throughout his life, adhering to the principles of the Brotherhood and the ethics espoused by Freemasonry. His membership reflects Freemasonry’s significant presence among the leaders of the United States in his time.

He passed away on 1η June 1868 in Pennsylvania.