Born into an old aristocratic family. He studied law in Padua (1800-05) and received a doctorate. He was a scholar and through the contacts he made during his studies he became associated with literary circles. He published a historical study on the history of Corfu and it was warmly received. He became a member of the Academy of Florence. He returned to the Ionian Islands and was appointed a paid historian. He worked as a teacher of Latin and Italian as a philologist.

In 1807 he left for Italy where he studied and researched the great libraries of Venice, Milan etc. from where he collected rare material on the history of Corfu, mainly. He was engaged in researches for nearly twenty years, but at the same time he travelled to Germany and France for researches. He also studied in depth ancient Greek literature and made translations. He published excellent original studies which gave him fame and esteem. Thus he established himself as a scholar of his time. Despite his intellectual pursuits, he followed the events of his native land and wrote articles against the English occupation. The English envoy Maitland exiled him and banned him from being an official historian.

In 1821 and 1826 he was an attaché of the Russian embassy in Turin. In 1828 the Governor of Greece Ι. Kapodistrias invited him as his partner especially for the reform and establishment of the educational system in Greece. Thus Moustoxidis settled in Aegina and became involved in education, archaeological studies, the arts, national printing and publishing, and founded the National Archaeological Museum in Athens and a library in Aegina. After the assassination of Kapodistrias he resigned and went to Corfu where he continued his struggles for union with Greece.

He was president of the Philharmonic Society, founder of the Society of Philomaths, again official Historian of the Ionian Islands (1843 – 1853), published the magazine Ellinomnimon (1843) and was Director of the newspapers Hellenic Postman and Patris and the magazine Ionian Anthology. He left a very large literary oeuvre, we mention selectively his works: Corfiot Icons, The Nine Muses of Herodotus, On the Antidosis of Isocrates, Summary of the operations of the Greek fleet during the revolution of 1821, Collection of unpublished poets and writers of various periods of Greece, Corfiot affairs, Letters on Corfiot affairs, etc. Unfortunately, he did not have time to see the incorporation with Greece, he was buried next to I. Kapodistrias and the eulogy was delivered by the also Tekton and his loyal friend, P. Armenis Vrailas.