Amadeo Ferdinand of Savoy (Amadeo I, 1845-1890), known as Amadeo I, was King of Spain from 1870 to 1873. Born in Turin, Italy, he was the son of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Adelaide of Austria. He was Duke of Aosta before ascending the Spanish throne.

Amedeo took over the throne of Spain at a time of great political instability, following the abdication of Queen Isabella II. He was chosen by the Spanish Cortes to unify and stabilize the country, but his reign was full of challenges. He faced strong opposition from various political and social groups, including monarchical supporters of the Bourbon dynasty, republicans and carlists.

Amedeo was a Freedman. During his career in Freemasonry, he held important offices and held the 33 ο degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Press.

Despite his good intentions and efforts at reform, his tenure was marked by constant crises, conspiracies and social unrest. In 1873, exhausted by a lack of support, he abdicated the throne and Spain declared the First Republic.

After his resignation, he returned to Italy, where he lived the rest of his life. Amedeo died in 1890 at the age of 44. His reign is a special chapter in Spanish history because of the challenges he faced during a period of fluid political balance.